Case 2

A 77-year old male patient was referred to cardiology with complaint of fatigue. He had no chest pain, dyspnea or syncope. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were performed.

Video 2-1 shows the parasternal long axis view (LAX) biplane view. Video 2-2 shows LAX with color Doppler. Video 2-3 shows the apical 4-chamber view with contrast enhancement. Figure 2-4 shows reversed flow in the descending aorta from the suprasternal window.

TTE revealed: LV ejection fraction (LV EF) - 45%, left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LV EDV) ~ 280 mL), vena contracta (VC) of aortic regurgitation (AR)- 4 mm, EROA- 0.28 cm², regurgitation volume - 62 ml. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed insignificant stenosis of coronary arteries.

Video 2-5 shows TEE long axis view of the aortic valve with color Doppler. Video 2-6 shows TEE short axis view of the aortic valve with color Doppler. Video 2-7 shows 3D TEE of the aortic valve with color Doppler.

Video 2-1

Video 2-2

Video 2-3

Figure 2-4

Video 2-5

Video 2-6

Video 2-7

Case Studies: Aortic Regurgitation (Aortic Disease)

Case 1